I am having a car? Makosa ya Kiingereza ambayo Waswahili hufanya

Makosa mengi ya Kiingereza kwa mzungumzaji wa Kiswahili hayatokani na kukosa msamiati, bali na kutafsiri muundo wa Kiswahili neno kwa neno. Nina gari huwa I am having a car, nakuja huwa I am coming, na niazime huwa borrow me. Haya ndiyo makosa kumi ya kawaida, chanzo chake, na sentensi sahihi.

1. I am having a car: kuwa na si kitendo

Kiswahili kinaeleza umiliki kwa kuwa na, na neno nina linasikika kama kiambishi cha wakati uliopo na-, kama ilivyo katika ninasoma. Mfanano huu unasukuma wengi kutumia -ing: I am having a car, she is having two children. Kwa Kiingereza, have ya kumiliki haichukui -ing: I have a car, she has two children.

Having ni sahihi pale have ni kitendo: I am having lunch (ninakula chakula cha mchana), we are having a party, are you having a good time? Kanuni hiyo hiyo inagusa vitenzi vingine vya hali ambavyo Kiswahili huvitumia kwa na- bila tatizo:

• Ninajua. I know, si I am knowing.
• Ninaelewa. I understand, si I am understanding.
• Ninahitaji msaada. I need help, si I am needing help.
• Ninakupenda. I love you, si I am loving you.

2. I am coming: nakuja ya kuondoka

Tunaposema ngoja, nakuja huku tukitoka chumbani, tunamaanisha nitarudi sasa hivi. Kwa Kiingereza cha kimataifa, I'm coming humaanisha ninaelekea uliko wewe, kwa mfano mtu akigonga mlango. Mgeni anayekuona ukiondoka huku ukisema I'm coming atachanganyikiwa. Sema I'll be right back, give me a minute, au I'll be back in five minutes.

3. Borrow me: kuazima kwa pande zote mbili

Katika matumizi ya kila siku, kuazima kinaweza kutumika kwa kuchukua kitu na kwa kukitoa. Kiingereza kinatenganisha wazi: borrow ni kuchukua, lend ni kutoa. Kwa hivyo Can you borrow me your phone? si sahihi.

• Ukiwa unaomba: Can I borrow your phone? au Can you lend me your phone?
• Ukisimulia: I lent him my book (nilimwazima), I borrowed a book from him (niliazima kwake).

Kwa pesa kati ya marafiki ni vivyo hivyo: Can you lend me some money? Lakini mkopo rasmi wa benki ni a loan: I took out a loan.

4. Me, I like tea: mimi ya msisitizo

Kiswahili hutumia kiwakilishi huru kusisitiza: Mimi, ninapenda chai. Kitenzi tayari kina ni-, kwa hivyo mimi ni msisitizo tu. Ukikitafsiri moja kwa moja unapata Me, I like tea au Me I don't know. Kwa Kiingereza rasmi kiwakilishi kimoja kinatosha: I like tea. Ukitaka msisitizo, tumia Personally, I prefer tea au As for me, I prefer tea.

Jirani yake ni hata mimi. Ukitafsiri kuwa even me unapoteza maana. Sema me too, au kwa sentensi kamili so do I, na kwa kanushi me neither au neither do I.

5. Ndiyo kwa swali hasi

Mtu akikuuliza Hukuja jana? na hukuja, unajibu ndiyo, yaani ni kweli, sikuja. Kiingereza hujibu kwa ukweli wa tendo, si kwa kukubaliana na swali. Didn't you come yesterday? Kama hukuja, jibu ni No, I didn't. Kama ulikuja, ni Yes, I did.

Ukijibu yes peke yake, msikilizaji ataelewa kwamba ulikuja. Kinga rahisi: usijibu kwa neno moja. Ongeza kitenzi kila mara: No, I didn't, Yes, I am. Sentensi fupi hiyo huondoa utata.

6. How is it called? Inaitwaje

Inaitwaje? kwa neno kwa neno ni How is it called?, lakini Kiingereza hutumia what: What is it called? au What do you call this in English? Angalia kwamba How do you say this in English? ni sahihi, kwa sababu hapo unauliza namna ya kusema, si jina.

7. I like it too much: sana si too

Sana ni very, very much au a lot. Too ni kupita kiasi, na karibu kila mara ni jambo baya. This tea is too hot humaanisha siwezi kuinywa. Kwa hivyo I love you too much inasikika kama tatizo. Sema I love you so much, I like it a lot, thank you very much.

8. People are many: watu ni wengi

Watu ni wengi ni Kiswahili kizuri, lakini People are many si namna Kiingereza kinavyoeleza wingi. Tumia there is na there are, ambazo ni sawa na kuna: There are a lot of people here, au kwa ufupi It's very crowded. Vivyo hivyo Magari yamekuwa mengi ni There are a lot more cars now, si Cars have become many.

9. Open the radio: fungua na washa

Tunasema fungua redio na fungua TV. Kwa Kiingereza vifaa vya umeme havifunguliwi: turn on au switch on the radio, na kuzima ni turn off au switch off. Open inabaki kwa milango, madirisha, chupa na faili kwenye kompyuta: open the door, open the file.

10. Repeat again: rudia tena

Rudia tena ni msisitizo wa kawaida kwa Kiswahili. Kwa Kiingereza repeat tayari ina maana ya tena, kwa hivyo repeat again inasikika kama kurudia mara mbili. Sema Could you repeat that? au Could you say that again? Vivyo hivyo return back ni return tu, au go back.

Muhtasari wa haraka

Makosa haya yote yanaeleweka na msikilizaji, lakini yanaonyesha mara moja kwamba unatafsiri. Njia ya kuyaacha ni kuyasikia ukiyasema, kwa hivyo ongea kwa sauti na mtu anayekusimamisha pale unapoteleza, kisha rudia sentensi sahihi papo hapo.

Maswali yanayoulizwa mara kwa mara

Kwa nini I am having a car si sahihi?

Kwa sababu have ya kumiliki ni kitenzi cha hali, na vitenzi vya hali kwa kawaida havichukui -ing. Sema I have a car. Having inafaa pale have ni kitendo, kama I am having lunch au we are having a meeting.

Niseme borrow au lend?

Borrow ni kuchukua kitu kwa muda, lend ni kumpa mtu kitu kwa muda. Ukiomba, sema Can I borrow your pen? au Can you lend me your pen? Usiseme borrow me.

Nijibuje swali hasi kama Didn't you see him?

Jibu kwa ukweli wa tendo, si kwa kukubaliana na swali. Kama hukumwona, sema No, I didn't. Kama ulimwona, sema Yes, I did. Ongeza kitenzi kila mara ili kuondoa utata.

Hata mimi kwa Kiingereza ni nini?

Me too kwa mazungumzo, au so do I kwa sentensi kamili. Kwa kanushi, kama mtu amesema I don't like coffee, jibu ni me neither au neither do I. Even me ina maana tofauti kabisa.